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To date, only six clinical studies used muscle biopsies in breast cancer patients and highlighted several important aspects of muscle deconditioning such as a decrease in muscle fibers cross-sectional area, a dysregulation of protein turnover balance and mitochondrial alterations. This review first focuses on recent advances in both macroscopic changes and cellular mechanisms implicated in skeletal muscle deconditioning of breast cancer patients, particularly as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment.

However, chemotherapy also leads to severe off-target side-effects resulting, together with the tumor itself, in major skeletal muscle deconditioning.